The majority of proteins that are secreted across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leave the cell via the Sec pathway, which in its minimal form consists of the dimeric ATP-driven motor protein SecA that associates with the protein-conducting membrane pore SecYEG.Some Gram-positive bacteria contain two homologues of SecA, termed SecA1 and SecA2.S

Abstract Background Climate change can affect the activity and distribution of species, including pathogens and parasites.The densities and distribution range of the sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) and it’s transmitted pathogens appears to be increasing.Thus, a better understanding of questing tick densities in relation to climate and weather conditi

The living lab approach to building science research provides the ability to accurately monitor occupants and their environment and use the resulting data to evaluate the impact that various components of the built environment have on human comfort, health, and well-being.A hypothesized benefit of the living lab approach is the ability to simulate

Abstract Background The effectiveness of electrochemotherapy of tumors (ECT) and of irreversible electroporation ablation (IRE) depends on different mechanisms and delivery protocols.Both therapies exploit the phenomenon of electroporation of the cell membrane achieved by the exposure of the cells to a series of high-voltage electric pulses.Electro

Predation is ubiquitous in nature and can be an important component of both ecological and evolutionary interactions.One of the most striking features of predators is how often they cause evolutionary diversification Boxers in natural systems.Here, we review several ways that this can occur, exploring empirical evidence and suggesting promising are